Holomua Marine Initiative

The Holomua Marine Initiative is a call to action for communities to come together to design an island-based management strategy in partnership with the Division of Aquatic Resources (DAR) to ensure healthy reefs and abundant resources for future generations. Click HERE to read DAR’s guide on the new approach to Holomua Marine Initiative.

The Holomua Marine Initiative works to ensure healthy nearshore ecosystems with abundant resources, so that the people of Hawai‘i can enjoy our coastal waters, support livelihoods, and feed our families. The goal of the Holomua Marine Initiative is to effectively manage nearshore marine resources by implementing a comprehensive management strategy and by developing and carrying out management frameworks that place an emphasis on community participation, cultural relevance, and improving processes and outcomes in all stages of management

Holomua is dropping the 30×30 slogan and 30% target for the Holomua Marine Initiative. Frustrations and concerns with the 30×30 target overshadowed other important aspects of the Holomua Marine Initiative. While creating no-take areas to reach the 30% goal of marine management areas (MMA) around each island’s nearshore waters by 2030 was NEVER the intention behind this initiative, the misinformation that was circulating prevented meaningful conversations about the need for effective management to achieve our shared vision of the future of our marine resources. The Holomua Marine Initiative WILL continue, and while creating a network of MMAs encompassing 30% of each island’s nearshore waters is not a goal of this initiative anymore, it is still an option if creating a marine management area is of interest to communities in their place. There is also a full suite of additional management tools that are available to support and continue the Holomua Marine Initiative, such as increasing education and outreach, strengthening monitoring efforts, establishment of bag or size limits, and more. Click HERE to read more and find out what will happen next with the initiative.

In 2016, the State of Hawai‘i launched the Sustainable Hawai‘i Initiative to protect our natural resources, promote sustainability, and increase Hawai‘i’s self-sufficiency.

Holomua is a community-driven effort led by the Hawai‘i Department of Land and Natural Resources’ (DLNR) Division of Aquatic Resources. As a member of the community and as part of specific ocean user groups, you can guide the design of your island’s marine management strategies, as well as the future health and use of Hawai‘i’s nearshore waters and its resources.

The Holomua Marine Initiative is supported by state, federal, and philanthropic funds. You can find the ’22-’23 fiscal year budget HERE.

A marine management area, or MMA, is a place in the ocean that is managed in a way to protect the ecologically or culturally important marine resources within its boundaries. Click here to learn more about MMAs and the types of MMAs that are in Hawai‘i.

We need to manage our nearshore waters to restore and sustain Hawaiʻi’s marine ecosystems and bio-cultural resources. Our marine habitats are under pressure from a growing population, development, unsustainable harvest, climate change and more. The loss of traditional practices magnifies the decline. A recent scientific analysis revealed population declines of some of our favorite reef fish by as much as 75%, and the mass bleaching event in 2015 resulted in up to 50% coral mortality on some reefs. Click here to learn more about why we need to all work together to manage our nearshore resources and habitats.

Place-based planning is a way of managing specific geographic areas by collaborating with communities of that place to understand the unique and diverse values, uses and experiences tied to the area. Through the Holomua Marine Initiative, DAR will engage with local communities on each island, along with scientific and cultural experts in an inclusive, transparent way that will help the people of Hawai‘i achieve effective management of our nearshore waters for healthy reefs, fish, and communities. DAR will collaborate with communities to evaluate existing marine management areas (MMAs), as well as plan and design other marine management strategies to ensure healthy reefs and abundant resources for future generations.

The Holomua Marine Initiatives’ community-driven effort will be guided by nine socio-cultural principles throughout the process to minimize potential negative impacts of marine management actions on local and indigenous communities. Socio-cultural principles will be used to evaluate existing MMAs as well as identify potential areas for management based on social and cultural factors. The socio-cultural principles developed fall under four categories that include: Place-based Knowledge and Education; Physical, Mental, and Spiritual Wellbeing; Community Relationships, Engagement, and Commitment; and Efficacy and Equitable Governance. Read more about the socio-cultural design principles here.

The Holomua Marine Initiatives’ community-driven effort will incorporate seven categories of ecological design principles into the process for reviewing existing MMAs and establishing new ones to achieve the best possible management outcomes. These design principles, developed by DAR biologists in collaboration with other researchers and other experts, are scientific guidelines which take into account key biophysical processes (including resilience to climate change), and will be used along with the socio-cultural design principles to guide the design of MMA networks. Read more about the ecological design principles here.

Yes, we are fortunate to have several local examples that show marine management areas work when effectively designed and managed. Kahekili Herbivore Fisheries Management Area (KHFMA) on Maui is one example where the take of herbivore fish is prohibited but other fishing is allowed, and fisheries are now thriving through effective management. Within nine years of its implementation in 2009, the number of herbivores had dramatically increased, such as surgeonfishes ( up 71%) and parrotfishes ( up 331%). Click here to read more examples of successful marine management areas here in Hawai‘i.

To begin working towards place-based management, DAR gathered existing statewide data on biological resources, such as nearshore habitats and fisheries, the threats to them, and important human uses such as fishing and recreation. In addition to DAR monitoring data, recent surveys confirm that members of our community have also observed declines over the past several decades in many nearshore places, and perceive these changes will get worse if we don’t take action soon. “Effective management” is not possible based on scientific data alone. We need information from people on each island to identify locally-important resources and provide ideas about what kind of management strategies would work well for each area.

The success of the Holomua Marine Initiative will be measured at several levels: community engagement, effectiveness of management actions, overall ecosystem condition, and socio-cultural factors. For more information on the specific metrics that will be tracked, please check out the Measuring Success section of the Holomua Guide.

With each of the management proposals, there will be a management plan with specific metrics for monitoring and adaptive evaluation. Management actions proposed through this process will be monitored for ecological indicators (e.g. fish biomass, fish size, percent coral cover, etc.) and socio-cultural indicators (e.g. users’ overall quality of experience in area, factors that affect mental, physical, and spiritual wellbeing, etc.).

DAR will seek input through a transparent and inclusive public community engagement process to co-create a cohesive management plan for communities and regions on each island that are willing and interested in collaborating with DAR. There will multiple opportunities to participate, and the community for each island will provide input on which management recommendations are implemented. Broader community feedback will be compiled at the beginning of the process at Talk Story sessions. A community-nominated Navigation Team will then be tasked with compiling the community feedback, latest scientific research on the status of the resources, and local expert knowledge of nearshore waters based on individual experiences to develop management recommendations. These recommendations will then be presented to the residents for feedback and revision at Information Exchanges, followed by statewide meetings for further consideration before any management actions are implemented.