Makahiki o Nā Manu Nahele
Our native forest birds are uniquely Hawaiian: they exist only in the Hawaiian Islands and nowhere else in the world. These birds have critical ecological roles as pollinators, seed dispersers, and insect managers of Hawaiian forests. Our forest birds are an inextricable part of Native Hawaiian culture in their roles as ʻaumakua (family deities) and messengers between akua (gods) and kānaka (people). Nā manu nahele are celebrated in mele (songs) moʻolelo (stories), ʻōlelo noʻeau (proverbs), kaʻao (legends), and in the creation of feather adornments including lei hulu.
Our nā manu nahele are at risk: of 84 forest bird species known from either the fossil record or human observation, an astonishing 58 species have gone extinct. Of the 26 species that remain today, 24 are listed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature as vulnerable, near-threatened, threatened, endangered, or critically endangered, including the ʻio seen here (PC: Bret Mossman). Explore below to learn more about why Hawaiʻi has lost so many native birds and what is being done to save those that remain.
We originally created this page for a 2024 outreach campaign, Makahiki o Nā Manu Nahele: The Year of the Forest Birds, proclaimed by Governor Josh Green, M.D. and by Kauaʻi Mayor Derek Kawakami. The campaign was organized by a partnership of manu enthusiasts from DLNR Forestry & Wildlife, Kamehameha Schools, Kauaʻi Forest Bird Recovery Project, Maui Forest Bird Recovery Project, the ʻAlalā Project, the University of Hawaiʻi Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death outreach group, Bishop Museum, US Fish & Wildlife Service, Birds Not Mosquitoes, the Coordinating Group on Alien Pest Species, the Invasive Species Committees, Hawaiʻi Association of Watershed Partnerships, the Nature Conservancy of Hawaiʻi, and American Bird Conservancy.
While the community events listed below have passed, you can continue to use the links on this page to find information, partnerships, and activities to help you get involved with our native birds!
How will you celebrate nā manu nahele o Hawaiʻi?
Click any of the category buttons below to jump to your celebration of choice.
Nā Manu: Learn about Hawaiʻi’s forest birds
Meet the 26 remaining forest birds, hear their songs, understand their habitats and diets, and their cultural significance. We also have information on some of the 58 extinct species, including photos or drawings where possible. The species profile pages below are from DLNR Forestry & Wildlife, but you can also find profiles and information from the Kauaʻi Forest Bird Recovery Project, the Maui Forest Bird Recovery Project, and the ʻAlalā Project.
An interactive curriculum by Kamehameha Schools via the Waihona platform.
Local biologist Noah Gomes guides you through six manu stories.
Download this bundle of lesson plans from the Keauhou Bird Conservation Center.
We thank supporting radio stations airing our Manu of the Month radio PSAs, including KPOA 93.5 FM Maui (Sistah Val), and Kaua‘i Community Radio (90.9 FM North Shore Kaua‘i ~ 91.9 FM Kīlauea to Kekaha ~ 92.7 FM Anahola & Moloa‘a ~ 88.9 FM Honolulu, O’ahu).
Nā Kiaʻi: Learn about efforts to save our birds
Why have we lost so many of our forest bird species, and why are almost all of our remaining species at risk? Learn below about the threats to forest birds, including predation by rats, cats, and mongoose; habitat loss due to human land use, introduced ungulates, and invasive plants; and avian diseases that are carried by invasive mosquitoes. The link below is from the Maui Forest Bird Recovery Project, but all of Hawaiʻi’s islands share these threats.
But, there is hope: community members and manu experts across Hawaiʻi are working to protect our remaining birds. Below you can learn about some of the groups working to prevent further extinctions of our native forest birds. One major lifeline for our birds is the mosquito control efforts coordinated by Birds Not Mosquitoes, a partnership of state, federal, and private organizations working to reduce disease-carrying mosquitoes in Hawaiʻi’s forests. Learn about the surprising hero of this story: a tiny, common bacteria called Wolbachia.
Through the links and videos below you can meet many kiaʻi manu, protectors of Hawaiʻi’s birds.
New: This 28-min documentary explores efforts to save our manu
This 360˚ video tells the story of hearing the last ʻōʻō calling out in Kauaʻi’s forests
This short film about Kauaʻī’s birds describes their importance to forests and culture, and efforts to protect them.
A hula about ʻakikiki, ʻakekeʻe, kiwikiu, and ʻakohekohe by Kumu Keahi Manea.
This DLNR special features endangered birds across Hawaiʻi.
This DLNR special follows biologists working to preserve Maui’s kiwikiu and its habitat.
This BBC Earth Witness special dives into avian disease on Kauaʻi.
Hamline University: Jewels of the Forest: Kauaʻi’s Endangered Honeycreepers
The Office of Hawaiian Affairs looks at the importance of ʻio and efforts to protect Hawaiʻi’s hawk
Coriolis Films examines the impacts of disease on Kauaʻi’s birds
Learn how biologists track and study ʻio
Learn how bird biologists track and study ʻakiapōlāʻau
Want to know more or get in touch with some of Hawaiʻi’s bird experts? Click below to explore some of the partnerships and organizations working to protect Hawaiian forest birds and their habitats:
- Kauaʻi Forest Bird Recovery Project
- Maui Forest Bird Recovery Project
- ʻAlalā Project
- Birds Not Mosquitoes
- Bishop Museum
- Kamehameha Schools
- Wildlife Program at the DLNR Forestry & Wildlife
- US Fish & Wildlife Service- Saving Hawaiian Forest Birds
- Hawaiʻi Association of Watershed Partnerships
- Invasive Species Committees
- Coordinating Group on Alien Pest Species
- University of Hawaiʻi Rapid ʻŌhiʻa Death outreach group
- San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance- Hawaiian Forest Bird Program
- American Bird Conservancy
- The Nature Conservancy Hawaiʻi and Palmyra
- Garden Island Resource Conservation & Development, Inc
- Pacific Rim Conservation
- Pacific Bird Conservation
- Friends of Hakalau Forest National Wildlife Refuge
Activities: Curricula, crafts, & games
Nā Manu Nahele Finger Puppet ActivitiesGreat for students of all ages, our finger puppets are simple papercraft activities that teach you a bit about our birds and let you pretend to be your favorite manu. Our downloadable finger puppet activities include these species:
Find the full set and plenty more to do on our Activities page. |
Nā Manu Nahele Masks: Become Your Favorite BirdA great activity for classroom or home, this downloadable PDF can be printed for a simple paper craft. You’ll need a bit of tape and string to wear it, and make sure you learn how to make your manu’s birdsong by visiting our audio pages above. You can find the full collection at our Activities page, or directly download your manu mask from the links below: |
Make your own ʻIo FlyerPaper airplanes got nothing on our ʻIo Flyer, which you can download, print, and build yourself. Your paper ʻio will soar across your classroom or home, just like our beloved Hawaiian hawk.
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Get outside and go birding!Birding is fun, and anyone can be a birder . If you’re interested in birds but don’t know how to find them, the resources below can help. Remember not to approach or disturb birds, just observe them. Many of our native birds are endangered. Birding for Beginners, with Forestry & Wildlife: A 3-min video on how to get started and what birds you might see.How to use binoculars: a printable cheat sheet to carry with you while birding Brilliant Backyard Birds: a guide to common, non-native birds in Hawaiʻi from Kamehameha Schools Hawaiʻi Birding Trails: a guide to Hawaiʻi’s public trails and which birds you might find along each trail Ethical Birding in Hawaiʻi: learn how to bird in a pono way |
Classroom Curriculum: Hawaiian Forest Bird Unit Plan from the Symphony of the Hawaiian BirdsIn 2018 the Hawaiʻi Symphony Orchestra, University of Hawaiʻi, and many other partners worked to develop the Symphony of the Hawaiian Birds, a multimedia art performance that traveled across the state. As part of the project, a curriculum on Hawaiian forest birds was developed for educators to use in classrooms. Though the symphony performances are no longer happening, the unit plan is still a great resource for educators. Download the Hawaiian Forest Bird Unit Plan – SYMPHONY OF THE HAWAIIAN BIRDS |
Battle of the Beaks (Bishop Museum)This classroom game invites students to try picking up differently shaped objects with various styles of “beaks.” A printable scorecard helps keep the game competitive as it invites students and educators to talk about how our birds have evolved beaks that are specialized for eating seeds, insects, or nectar. Download the Battle of the Beaks game |
Kauaʻi Forest Bird Match Up GameCut out the forest birds and then match them up with their habitat in the images of Kauaʻi’s forests. Students can learn about bird habitat and behaviors while playing a simple match up game. This game was developed by Kauaʻi Forest Birds Recovery Project. |
Hawaiʻi’s Forest Birds: An Online Learning ResourceThe Kauaʻi and Maui Forest Bird Recovery Projects worked with Hamline University to produce this interactive learning tool. Students can explore videos and photos, there are activities for teachers to use, and there are field stories from kūpuna. |
Coloring & Activity Book: Nā Manu ʻŌiwi o HawaiʻiThis brand-new book for ages 5-8 includes coloring pages, writing practice, pronunciation guides, fun facts, educational information, a crossword, a word search, and more! The coolest part? It was made for students by a student: this activity book is the senior project of Liliana Jean, a student at Kanu ʻo Ka ʻĀina Public Charter School in Kamuela, Hawaiʻi Island. Download and print the Nā Manu ʻŌiwi o Hawaiʻi coloring and activity book here |
Learning Resources from Three Mountain AllianceThree Mountain Alliance, a watershed partnership based on Hawaiʻi Island, has a variety of excellent educational activities including several that focus on forest birds and learning the names of forest bird body parts or observing birds in the wild.
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Jeo”Bird”y Classroom Quiz GameI’ll take “Bird Words” for $200, Alex. Educators can play host for the classroom game show JeoBirdy, developed by the Kauaʻi Forest Bird Recovery Project. Students can select a category, get a clue, and try to solve for questions about Kauaʻi’s endangered birds. The game runs via Google Slides is easy to set up and play with a classroom projector or screen. Play Jeo”Bird”y via Google Slides Column content |
Coloring activity: Create your own Ānuenue Manu for Makahiki o Nā Manu NaheleDownload and print this coloring page and see if you can recreate the Ānuenue Manu (rainbow of birds) we are using to celebrate Makahiki o Nā Manu Nahele. You can pick your own colors for the birds, or you can do a bit of research on this page to learn the correct colors to fill in for each species. The featured species from left to right are: ʻakikiki, ʻiʻiwi, ʻapapane, Hawaiʻi ʻakepa, palila, ʻakekeʻe, kiwikiu, puaiohi, ʻākohekohe, and ʻalalā. |
Kauaʻi Forest Birds Coloring BookDownload and print this coloring book that features Kauaʻi’s forest birds. The book includes facts about each bird and a guide on the cover if you want to know how the birds are colored in real life. |
Maui Forest Birds Coloring BookDownload and print this coloring book that features Maui’s forest birds. The book includes a detailed set of facts about each bird. |
Songbird: A Virtual Moment of Extinction in Hawaiʻi (360˚ Video)This 360˚ video from The Guardian tells the story of when local scientist Jim Jacobi encountered what is believed to be the last Kauaʻi ʻōʻō, in the 1980s. Jim recorded the lonely song of the ʻōʻō, calling out for a mate that he would never find. Though the story is sad, it is beautifully animated in this video and is a tale (and a birdsong) that everyone should hear. |
ʻIʻiwi Holiday OrnamentThis ʻiʻiwi holiday ornament from Kauaʻi Forest Bird Recovery Project can brighten a room any time of year. Download and print the PDF to get started.
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Swag & Merch: Get free items, buy manu merch, or donate to support the cause
Free: Makahiki o Nā Manu Nahele Digital SwagBring Hawaiʻi’s forest birds to your next Zoom meeting or decorate your phone or computer wallpaper with our Makahiki o Nā Manu Nahele Digital Swag. Choose a manu that is special to you, or bring the full rainbow of Hawaiian forest birds to your devices. |
Free: Request Manu Stickers, free from Forestry & WildlifeShow your manu aloha by adding forest bird stickers to your water bottle, laptop, or wall.You can send us an email with a mailing address. For Hawaiʻi-based teachers we’ll send you a pack of ~20 for your students. If you’re not a teacher and just want a sticker for your water bottle, that’s fine too- we’ll send you a sticker or two by mail, for free |
Free: Nā Manu Nahele o Hawaiʻi Classroom PosterGet our brand new manu poster to bring Hawaiʻi’s forest birds into your classroom (or home). The poster features 12 of our remaining forest bird species, reproduced in the style of digital oil paints and labeled with each bird’s name, distribution, and IUCN risk status. Our poster is available for free to Hawaiʻi educators and residents, and shipping is free to Kauaʻi, Maui Nui, or Hawaiʻi Island. Just email us at [email protected] and provide a mailing address for us to send your poster. If you email us, we may also add you to our occasional Educator Bulletin for new items (you can unsubscribe any time). For those on Oʻahu, stop by our office to pick up a copy in person (we are not shipping on Oʻahu due to shipping costs and demand). We are open from 7:45-4:30pm M-F at 1151 Punchbowl St, Rm 325, Honolulu, no appointment is necessary. |
Kauaʻi Forest Bird Recovery Project Merchandise & DonationsKauaʻi Forest Bird Recovery Project offers a variety ways to celebrate Kauaʻi’s birds and support to their program: Click here to order our merchandise online: Alakoko Store
Order our official t-shirts online here: KFBRP Bonfire Store
Make a tax-deductible donation here: PayPal Giving Fund
If you are on Kaua’i, please stop by our office to get some more merchandise. Make sure to call ahead first, to make sure somebody will be there. Office phone: 808-335-5078.
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Donate & Get Swag from Maui Forest Bird Recovery ProjectMaui Forest Bird Recovery Project offers donation opportunities and items you can purchase to support their program. Get an ʻiʻiwi stuffed animal that sings when you squeeze it, and ʻalalā hat, shirts, stickers, notecards, and more. Visit Maui Forest Bird Recovery Project’s page to view swag and donate |
New merchandise with proceeds going to support Kauaʻi Forest Bird Recovery ProjectNew merchandise available to celebrate ʻakikiki, ʻakekeʻe during Makahiki o Nā Manu Nahele and support bird conservation on Kauaʻi! Mahalo to author/artists Mackenzie Joy and Tony Piedra for designing and donating their time and artwork to celebrate our beautiful birds! Check out their store here: https://www.makandtea.com/store and find hats, stickers, t-shirts, tote bags and even socks! All proceeds from their store in 2024 will go to support our project!
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Donate to Bishop Museum’s Honeycreeper Carving ProjectOrnithologist and master woodcarver Haruo Uchiyama has created a set of exquisitely lifelike Hawaiian honeycreeper carvings to educate the public about these amazing birds. These carvings give people a way to see birds that they will likely never encounter in real life due to their rarity. You can read here about this project at Bishop Museum, and keep an eye on our Events Calendar for news about an exhibition at the Science Adventure Center in early 2024. To support growing this collection of carvings, you can donate to this project at Bishop Museum. Click here to donate to the honeycreeper carving project Bishop Museum. Select “Uchiyama Honeycreeper Carving Project” from the dropdown menu. |
Events
For current events and volunteer opportunities, visit these pages from some our partners:
- DLNR Forestry & Wildlife: Events
- Kauaʻi Forest Bird Recovery Project
- Maui Forest Bird Recovery Project
- Bishop Museum
- the Invasive Species Committees of Hawaiʻi
- Hawaiʻi Association of Watershed Partnerships
- the Nature Conservancy of Hawaiʻi Waikamoi volunteer program
This webpage was originally created for a 2024 campaign, Makahiki o Nā Manu Nahele, through which we estimate that we celebrated Hawaiʻi’s birds with over 47,000 people. While Makahiki o Nā Manu Nahele is over, you can find new events using the links above. Mahalo for caring for our manu!
Banner images based on photos by Zach Pezzillo, Bret Mossman, Robby Kohley, Lucas Behnke, Javier Cotin, and Jacob Drucker.